[[PageOutline]] = Splitting up the settings file = If you use a source control system (CVS, SVN, ...), or want to publish your application on the web, it may be a good idea to move sensitive or machine/user specific settings like database passwords and such out of the main settings.py file. As discussions on the django-developers mailing list have shown everybody has different requirements and ideas how to do this. This page is meant to collect some of these ideas for future reference. One thing to keep in mind is that django's config files are pure python. This gives you the ultimate flexibility to handle configurations the way you think is best. Or to quote Adrian Holovaty: {{{ We don't need a default solution for this. It's not within the scope of this project to tell people how they should organize their settings files. Take that opportunity to showcase your individualism. }}} == Links to discussions == * [http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2035733 how to modularize django settings.py?] on stackoverflow.com == Different settings in different files == I believe the first user who came up with this was Hugo, who used this method in the projects he published on [https://simon.bofh.ms/cgi-bin/trac-django-projects.cgi/ his site]. {{{ #!python SECRET_KEY = open(os.path.expanduser('~/.gallery-secret')).read().strip() }}} == ini-style file for deployment == This is a solution that Michael Radziej posted to django-developers. His motivation was to be able to store the settings for an app he published under /etc with all the other system config files. /etc/whatever/settings.ini {{{ [database] DATABASE_USER: bla DATABASE_PASSWORD: XXXXXXXX DATABASE_HOST: dev DATABASE_PORT: DATABASE_ENGINE: mysql DATABASE_NAME: blo TESTSUITE_DATABASE_NAME: test_blo [secrets] SECRET_KEY: random-string-of-ascii CSRF_MIDDLEWARE_SECRET: random-string-of-ascii [cookies] SESSION_COOKIE_DOMAIN: # all settings in debug section should be false in productive environment # INTERNAL_IPS should be empty in productive environment [debug] DEBUG: true TEMPLATE_DEBUG: true VIEW_TEST: true INTERNAL_IPS: 127.0.0.1 SKIP_CSRF_MIDDLEWARE: true [email] SERVER_EMAIL: django@localhost EMAIL_HOST: localhost # the [error mail] and [404 mail] sections are special. Just add lines with # full name: email_address@domain.xx # each section must be present but may be empty. [error mail] Adam Smith: adam@localhost [404 mail] John Wayne: john@localhost }}} /path/to/whatever/settings.py {{{ #!python from ConfigParser import RawConfigParser config = RawConfigParser() config.read('/etc/whatever/settings.ini') DATABASE_USER = config.get('database', 'DATABASE_USER') DATABASE_PASSWORD = config.get('database', 'DATABASE_PASSWORD') DATABASE_HOST = config.get('database', 'DATABASE_HOST') DATABASE_PORT = config.get('database', 'DATABASE_PORT') DATABASE_ENGINE = config.get('database', 'DATABASE_ENGINE') DATABASE_NAME = config.get('database', 'DATABASE_NAME') TEST_DATABASE_NAME = config.get('database', 'TESTSUITE_DATABASE_NAME') SECRET_KEY = config.get('secrets','SECRET_KEY') CSRF_MIDDLEWARE_SECRET = config.get('secrets', 'CSRF_MIDDLEWARE_SECRET') SESSION_COOKIE_DOMAIN = config.get('cookies','SESSION_COOKIE_DOMAIN') DEBUG = config.getboolean('debug','DEBUG') TEMPLATE_DEBUG = config.getboolean('debug','TEMPLATE_DEBUG') VIEW_TEST = config.getboolean('debug', 'VIEW_TEST') INTERNAL_IPS = tuple(config.get('debug', 'INTERNAL_IPS').split()) if config.getboolean('debug', 'SKIP_CSRF_MIDDLEWARE'): MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = tuple([x for x in list(MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES) if not x.endswith('CsrfMiddleware')]) SERVER_EMAIL = config.get('email', 'SERVER_EMAIL') EMAIL_HOST = config.get('email', 'EMAIL_HOST') ADMINS = tuple(config.items('error mail')) MANAGERS = tuple(config.items('404 mail')) }}} == Multiple setting files importing from each other == This is my (Steven Armstrong) preferred solution. Keep application wide, unsensitive settings and sane defaults in your normal settings.py file. /path/to/whatever/settings.py {{{ #!python import os BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)) # why is this here? #PROJECT_DIR = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(BASE_DIR, '..')) PROJECT_DIR = BASE_DIR DEBUG = False TEMPLATE_DEBUG = DEBUG ADMINS = ( ('Mr Sysadmin', 'sysadmin@domain.tld'), ) MANAGERS = ADMINS DATABASE_ENGINE = 'sqlite3' DATABASE_NAME = os.path.join(PROJECT_DIR, 'project.db') DATABASE_USER = '' DATABASE_PASSWORD = '' DATABASE_HOST = '' DATABASE_PORT = '' TIME_ZONE = 'Europe/Zurich' LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us' SECRET_KEY = 'secret' #[more default and app wide settings] from settings_local import * }}} At the end of your normal settings.py include * from an other, machine specific config file which could look something like this. /path/to/whatever/settings_local.py {{{ #!python DEBUG = True TEMPLATE_DEBUG = DEBUG # don't want emails while developing ADMINS = () MANAGERS = ADMINS DATABASE_ENGINE = 'mysql' DATABASE_NAME = 'mydbname' DATABASE_USER = 'mydbuser' DATABASE_PASSWORD = 'mydbpassword' DATABASE_HOST = 'localhost' DATABASE_PORT = '' SECRET_KEY = 'random-string-of-ascii' #[more user/machine specific settings] }}} {{{ # urls.py import settings (r'^static/(?P.*)$', 'django.views.static.serve', {'document_root': settings.BASE_DIR+'/core/static/', 'show_indexes': True}), }}} settings.py goes into CVS, SVN, (put your favorite RCS here)[[BR]] settings_local.py does _not_ go under RCS If wanted a settings_local.template file can be put under version control with instructions to copy it over to settings_local.py, change it to suite the environment, and to never ever commit it to the RCS system. == Development/Machine Dependant Settings Configuration == I personally use this solution. /path/to/project/settings.py {{{ #!python # Django project settings loader import os ROOT_PATH = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)) # You can key the configurations off of anything - I use project path. configs = { '/path/to/user1/dev/project': 'user1', '/path/to/user2/dev/project': 'user2', '/path/to/qa/project': 'qa', '/path/to/prod/project': 'prod', } # Import the configuration settings file - REPLACE projectname with your project config_module = __import__('config.%s' % configs[ROOT_PATH], globals(), locals(), 'projectname') # Load the config settings properties into the local scope. for setting in dir(config_module): if setting == setting.upper(): locals()[setting] = getattr(config_module, setting) }}} This settings loader will import the appropriate settings module. I store my settings files in a '''config''' directory in the root of the project. /path/to/project/config/prod.py {{{ #!python DEBUG = False TEMPLATE_DEBUG = DEBUG # don't want emails while developing ADMINS = () MANAGERS = ADMINS DATABASE_ENGINE = 'mysql' DATABASE_NAME = 'mydbname' DATABASE_USER = 'mydbuser' DATABASE_PASSWORD = 'mydbpassword' DATABASE_HOST = 'localhost' DATABASE_PORT = '' SECRET_KEY = 'random-string-of-ascii' # More production settings }}} /path/to/project/config/user1.py {{{ #!python # Load the production settings that we will overwrite as needed in our user1 settings file. from projectname.config.prod import * DEBUG = True DATABASE_NAME = 'devdbname' # More development/maching specific settings }}} == Using a list of conf files (Transifex) == [http://transifex.org/ Transifex] has adopted a solution using an ordered list of multiple `.conf` files inside a settings directory. This helps separating the config options, packaging in Linux distributions, and putting the settings files under `/etc`. {{{ #!python $ ls settings/ 10-base.conf 20-engines.conf 30-site.conf ... $ cat settings.py import os.path import glob conffiles = glob.glob(os.path.join(os.path.dirname(__file__), 'settings', '*.conf')) conffiles.sort() for f in conffiles: execfile(os.path.abspath(f)) }}} To apply local-only changes, create a `XX-local.conf file`, which can be ignored with your VCS of choice: {{{ #!python $ cat settings/51-local.conf INSTALLED_APPS += ['debug_toolbar'] $ cat .hgignore syntax: glob settings/*-local.conf }}} == Accessing and modifying existing settings == I ([http://djangopeople.net/akaihola Antti Kaihola]) use the following solution for defining local settings. It provides access to the original settings while defining local settings. Note: this only works if you import from the base {{{settings.py}}} or {{{settings/__init__.py}}}. settings/__init__.py: {{{ INSTALLED_APPS = ('whatever',) try: from settings.local import * except ImportError: pass }}} settings/local.py: {{{ import sys globals().update(vars(sys.modules['settings'])) INSTALLED_APPS += ('another_app',) }}} Older, clumsier methods I've used: settings.py: {{{ INSTALLED_APPS = ('whatever',) import more_settings more_settings.modify(globals()) }}} more_settings.py: {{{ def modify(settings): settings['INSTALLED_APPS'] += ('another_app',) }}} alternate more_settings.py with more magic: {{{ def config(INSTALLED_APPS=(), **other_settings): INSTALLED_APPS += ('another_app',) del other_settings return locals() def modify(settings): settings.update(config(**settings)) }}} == Settings inheritance == I ([http://djangopeople.net/cordis Sergey Yushckeyev]) have extended proposed solution: env {{{ export APP_SETTINGS = 'development.cordis' }}} settings/__init__.py {{{ #!python CONFIGURATION = 'common' def deep_update(from_dict, to_dict): for (key, value) in from_dict.iteritems(): if key in to_dict.keys() and isinstance(to_dict[key], dict) and isinstance(value, dict): deep_update(value, to_dict[key]) else: to_dict[key] = value try: modules = os.environ.get('APP_SETTINGS', '').split('.') current = __name__ for name in modules: module = getattr(__import__(current, globals(), locals(), [name]), name) current += '.' + name current_settings = {} for setting in dir(module): if setting == setting.upper(): current_settings[setting] = getattr(module, setting) deep_update(current_settings, locals()) except ImportError, e: print 'Unable to import configuration: %s' % (str(e)) }}} settings/development/cordis.py {{{ #!python CONFIGURATION = 'cordis' }}} app/models.py {{{ #!python from settings import CONFIGURATION print CONFIGURATION # prints 'cordis' }}}