Add support for non-distinct NULL expressions to UniqueConstraint.validate()

[Mark Gensler]

Expressions which evaluate to NULL within UniqueConstraint(*expressions, nulls_distinct=False) are still treated as distinct by UniqueConstraint.validate(). This means a ValidationError is not raised when it should be.

Similarly, if the database connection uses interprets_empty_strings_as_nulls this is also ignored by .validate().

Should #35575 be merged, this problem would also extend to any GeneratedField included in UniqueConstraint(fields=[...], nulls_distinct=False).

E.g.

class Book(models.Model):
    name = CharField(max_length=255, null=True, blank=True)

    class Meta:
        constraints = [
            UniqueConstraint(F("name"), nulls_distinct=False, name="book_name_null_unique")
        ]

then

> Book.objects.create(name=None)
> book = Book(name=None)
> book.full_clean() # Should raise a `ValidationError` but doesn't.
> book.save()  # The database raises a `UniqueViolation`.

This ticket was raised following discussion in ​https://github.com/django/django/pull/18356#pullrequestreview-2166340541

[Simon Charette]

Thanks for creating the report!

This was missed in #34701. Elevating to release blocker as this is a bug in a newly released feature.

I guess solution would be that when nulls_distinct=False all expressions checks should be turned into OR (rhs IS NULL AND lhs IS NULL)

SELECT 1 FROM book WHERE lower(name) = lower(NULL)

Is turned into

SELECT 1 FROM book WHERE (lower(name) = lower(NULL)) OR (lower(name) IS NULL AND lower(NULL) IS NULL)

[Simon Charette]

Dong it would have been appreciate if you could have chimed in with Mark and myself before jumping on assignment.

Worked on a PoC ​here.

[DongwookKim0823]

Replying to Simon Charette:

Sorry for jumping in without prior discussion. I wasn't aware and will be more cautious in the future.

[Simon Charette]

No worries and no harm done, I just wanted to make sure you wouldn't waste time on this problem since both Mark and I had a pretty good idea of where to take the patch.

I guess a possible rule of thumb would be to at least wait a few days after the creation of a ticket if there seems to be active discussions and no call for someone to take the implementation work. In doubt, asking if help is required is also always welcome.

[DongwookKim0823]

Thanks for the guidance. I appreciate the advice and will follow it moving forward.

[Sarah Boyce <42296566+sarahboyce@…>]

In adc0b6aa:

Fixed #35594 -- Added unique nulls distinct validation for expressions.

Thanks Mark Gensler for the report.

[Sarah Boyce <42296566+sarahboyce@…>]

In 4d8e5743:

[5.1.x] Fixed #35594 -- Added unique nulls distinct validation for expressions.

Thanks Mark Gensler for the report.

Backport of adc0b6aac3f8a5c96e1ca282bc9f46e28d20281c from main.

[Sarah Boyce <42296566+sarahboyce@…>]

In fe9bf0c:

[5.0.x] Fixed #35594 -- Added unique nulls distinct validation for expressions.

Thanks Mark Gensler for the report.

Backport of adc0b6aac3f8a5c96e1ca282bc9f46e28d20281c from main.