Show helpful error message when first argument to shortcuts.render is not request

[Joel Sleppy]

This is one of a class of changes I'm interested in making, so please also comment on if developer experience/error message improvements like this are wanted in general.

I recently started a new Django project and got frustrated at tiny mistakes I made that were difficult to find because of opaque error messages.

Currently, writing this:

def render_view_missing_request(request):
    return render('shortcuts/render_test.html')

leads to:

TypeError: render() missing 1 required positional argument: 'template_name'

which is very confusing because the developer did provide the template name.

Writing another common variation:

def render_view_missing_request(request):
    return render('shortcuts/render_test.html', {'foo': 'FOO'})

leads to:

TypeError: join() argument must be str or bytes, not 'dict'

which is easier to figure out given the stack trace, but still unhelpful to a newcomer.

I propose inspecting the first argument's class name to return a message like this:

"First argument to render() must be an HttpRequest, not 'str'."

Similar type inspection is done in other shortcut functions such as get_object_or_404.

[Joel Sleppy]

PR opened here ​https://github.com/django/django/pull/14961