diff -r fa1e8c79bda8 django/core/management/base.py
--- a/django/core/management/base.py	Thu Jun 03 18:50:04 2010 +0000
+++ b/django/core/management/base.py	Sat Jun 05 11:49:22 2010 +0800
@@ -213,6 +213,8 @@
                 sys.stderr.write(smart_str(self.style.ERROR('Error: %s\n' % e)))
                 sys.exit(1)
         try:
+            self.stdout = options.get('stdout', sys.stdout)
+            self.stderr = options.get('stderr', sys.stderr)
             if self.requires_model_validation:
                 self.validate()
             output = self.handle(*args, **options)
@@ -223,12 +225,12 @@
                     from django.db import connections, DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS
                     connection = connections[options.get('database', DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS)]
                     if connection.ops.start_transaction_sql():
-                        print self.style.SQL_KEYWORD(connection.ops.start_transaction_sql())
-                print output
+                        self.stdout.write(self.style.SQL_KEYWORD(connection.ops.start_transaction_sql()))
+                self.stdout.write(output)
                 if self.output_transaction:
-                    print self.style.SQL_KEYWORD(connection.ops.end_transaction_sql())
+                    self.stdout.write(self.style.SQL_KEYWORD("COMMIT;") + '\n')
         except CommandError, e:
-            sys.stderr.write(smart_str(self.style.ERROR('Error: %s\n' % e)))
+            self.stderr.write(smart_str(self.style.ERROR('Error: %s\n' % e)))
             sys.exit(1)
 
     def validate(self, app=None, display_num_errors=False):
@@ -250,7 +252,7 @@
             error_text = s.read()
             raise CommandError("One or more models did not validate:\n%s" % error_text)
         if display_num_errors:
-            print "%s error%s found" % (num_errors, num_errors != 1 and 's' or '')
+            self.stdout.write("%s error%s found\n" % (num_errors, num_errors != 1 and 's' or ''))
 
     def handle(self, *args, **options):
         """
diff -r fa1e8c79bda8 django/core/management/commands/loaddata.py
--- a/django/core/management/commands/loaddata.py	Thu Jun 03 18:50:04 2010 +0000
+++ b/django/core/management/commands/loaddata.py	Sat Jun 05 11:49:22 2010 +0800
@@ -112,10 +112,10 @@
 
             if formats:
                 if verbosity > 1:
-                    print "Loading '%s' fixtures..." % fixture_name
+                    self.stdout.write("Loading '%s' fixtures...\n" % fixture_name)
             else:
                 sys.stderr.write(
-                    self.style.ERROR("Problem installing fixture '%s': %s is not a known serialization format." %
+                    self.style.ERROR("Problem installing fixture '%s': %s is not a known serialization format.\n" %
                         (fixture_name, format)))
                 transaction.rollback(using=using)
                 transaction.leave_transaction_management(using=using)
@@ -128,7 +128,7 @@
 
             for fixture_dir in fixture_dirs:
                 if verbosity > 1:
-                    print "Checking %s for fixtures..." % humanize(fixture_dir)
+                    self.stdout.write("Checking %s for fixtures...\n" % humanize(fixture_dir))
 
                 label_found = False
                 for combo in product([using, None], formats, compression_formats):
@@ -141,16 +141,16 @@
                     )
 
                     if verbosity > 1:
-                        print "Trying %s for %s fixture '%s'..." % \
-                            (humanize(fixture_dir), file_name, fixture_name)
+                        self.stdout.write("Trying %s for %s fixture '%s'...\n" % \
+                            (humanize(fixture_dir), file_name, fixture_name))
                     full_path = os.path.join(fixture_dir, file_name)
                     open_method = compression_types[compression_format]
                     try:
                         fixture = open_method(full_path, 'r')
                         if label_found:
                             fixture.close()
-                            print self.style.ERROR("Multiple fixtures named '%s' in %s. Aborting." %
-                                (fixture_name, humanize(fixture_dir)))
+                            self.stdout.write(self.style.ERROR("Multiple fixtures named '%s' in %s. Aborting.\n" %
+                                (fixture_name, humanize(fixture_dir))))
                             transaction.rollback(using=using)
                             transaction.leave_transaction_management(using=using)
                             return
@@ -158,8 +158,8 @@
                             fixture_count += 1
                             objects_in_fixture = 0
                             if verbosity > 0:
-                                print "Installing %s fixture '%s' from %s." % \
-                                    (format, fixture_name, humanize(fixture_dir))
+                                self.stdout.write("Installing %s fixture '%s' from %s.\n" % \
+                                    (format, fixture_name, humanize(fixture_dir)))
                             try:
                                 objects = serializers.deserialize(format, fixture, using=using)
                                 for obj in objects:
@@ -190,7 +190,7 @@
                             # error was encountered during fixture loading.
                             if objects_in_fixture == 0:
                                 sys.stderr.write(
-                                    self.style.ERROR("No fixture data found for '%s'. (File format may be invalid.)" %
+                                    self.style.ERROR("No fixture data found for '%s'. (File format may be invalid.)\n" %
                                         (fixture_name)))
                                 transaction.rollback(using=using)
                                 transaction.leave_transaction_management(using=using)
@@ -198,8 +198,8 @@
 
                     except Exception, e:
                         if verbosity > 1:
-                            print "No %s fixture '%s' in %s." % \
-                                (format, fixture_name, humanize(fixture_dir))
+                            self.stdout.write("No %s fixture '%s' in %s.\n" % \
+                                (format, fixture_name, humanize(fixture_dir)))
 
         # If we found even one object in a fixture, we need to reset the
         # database sequences.
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@
             sequence_sql = connection.ops.sequence_reset_sql(self.style, models)
             if sequence_sql:
                 if verbosity > 1:
-                    print "Resetting sequences"
+                    self.stdout.write("Resetting sequences\n")
                 for line in sequence_sql:
                     cursor.execute(line)
 
@@ -217,10 +217,10 @@
 
         if object_count == 0:
             if verbosity > 0:
-                print "No fixtures found."
+                self.stdout.write("No fixtures found.\n")
         else:
             if verbosity > 0:
-                print "Installed %d object(s) from %d fixture(s)" % (object_count, fixture_count)
+                self.stdout.write("Installed %d object(s) from %d fixture(s)\n" % (object_count, fixture_count))
 
         # Close the DB connection. This is required as a workaround for an
         # edge case in MySQL: if the same connection is used to
diff -r fa1e8c79bda8 docs/howto/custom-management-commands.txt
--- a/docs/howto/custom-management-commands.txt	Thu Jun 03 18:50:04 2010 +0000
+++ b/docs/howto/custom-management-commands.txt	Sat Jun 05 11:49:22 2010 +0800
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 Applications can register their own actions with ``manage.py``. For example,
 you might want to add a ``manage.py`` action for a Django app that you're
-distributing. In this document, we will be building a custom ``closepoll`` 
+distributing. In this document, we will be building a custom ``closepoll``
 command for the ``polls`` application from the
 :ref:`tutorial<intro-tutorial01>`.
 
@@ -62,9 +62,16 @@
                 poll.opened = False
                 poll.save()
 
-                print 'Successfully closed poll "%s"' % poll_id
+                self.stdout.write('Successfully closed poll "%s"\n' % poll_id)
 
-The new custom command can be called using ``python manage.py closepoll 
+.. note::
+    When you are using management commands and wish to provide console
+    output, you should write to ``self.stdout`` and ``self.stderr``,
+    instead of printing to ``stdout`` and ``stderr`` directly. By
+    using these proxies, it becomes much easier to test your custom
+    command.
+
+The new custom command can be called using ``python manage.py closepoll
 <poll_id>``.
 
 The ``handle()`` method takes zero or more ``poll_ids`` and sets ``poll.opened``
@@ -91,8 +98,8 @@
             )
         # ...
 
-In addition to being able to add custom command line options, all 
-:ref:`management commands<ref-django-admin>` can accept some 
+In addition to being able to add custom command line options, all
+:ref:`management commands<ref-django-admin>` can accept some
 default options such as :djadminopt:`--verbosity` and :djadminopt:`--traceback`.
 
 Command objects
@@ -113,7 +120,7 @@
 Attributes
 ----------
 
-All attributes can be set in your derived class and can be used in 
+All attributes can be set in your derived class and can be used in
 :class:`BaseCommand`'s :ref:`subclasses<ref-basecommand-subclasses>`.
 
 .. attribute:: BaseCommand.args
@@ -133,7 +140,7 @@
 .. attribute:: BaseCommand.help
 
   A short description of the command, which will be printed in the
-  help message when the user runs the command 
+  help message when the user runs the command
   ``python manage.py help <command>``.
 
 .. attribute:: BaseCommand.option_list
@@ -230,7 +237,7 @@
 A command which takes no arguments on the command line.
 
 Rather than implementing :meth:`~BaseCommand.handle`, subclasses must implement
-:meth:`~NoArgsCommand.handle_noargs`; :meth:`~BaseCommand.handle` itself is 
+:meth:`~NoArgsCommand.handle_noargs`; :meth:`~BaseCommand.handle` itself is
 overridden to ensure no arguments are passed to the command.
 
 .. method:: NoArgsCommand.handle_noargs(**options)
diff -r fa1e8c79bda8 tests/modeltests/fixtures/models.py
--- a/tests/modeltests/fixtures/models.py	Thu Jun 03 18:50:04 2010 +0000
+++ b/tests/modeltests/fixtures/models.py	Sat Jun 05 11:49:22 2010 +0800
@@ -90,230 +90,3 @@
 
     class Meta:
         ordering = ('name',)
-
-__test__ = {'API_TESTS': """
->>> from django.core import management
->>> from django.db.models import get_app
-
-# Reset the database representation of this app.
-# This will return the database to a clean initial state.
->>> management.call_command('flush', verbosity=0, interactive=False)
-
-# Syncdb introduces 1 initial data object from initial_data.json.
->>> Article.objects.all()
-[<Article: Python program becomes self aware>]
-
-# Load fixture 1. Single JSON file, with two objects.
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture1.json', verbosity=0)
->>> Article.objects.all()
-[<Article: Time to reform copyright>, <Article: Poker has no place on ESPN>, <Article: Python program becomes self aware>]
-
-# Dump the current contents of the database as a JSON fixture
->>> management.call_command('dumpdata', 'fixtures', format='json')
-[{"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.category", "fields": {"description": "Latest news stories", "title": "News Stories"}}, {"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Time to reform copyright", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 13:00:00"}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Poker has no place on ESPN", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 12:00:00"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Python program becomes self aware", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 11:00:00"}}]
-
-# Try just dumping the contents of fixtures.Category
->>> management.call_command('dumpdata', 'fixtures.Category', format='json')
-[{"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.category", "fields": {"description": "Latest news stories", "title": "News Stories"}}]
-
-# ...and just fixtures.Article
->>> management.call_command('dumpdata', 'fixtures.Article', format='json')
-[{"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Time to reform copyright", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 13:00:00"}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Poker has no place on ESPN", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 12:00:00"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Python program becomes self aware", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 11:00:00"}}]
-
-# ...and both
->>> management.call_command('dumpdata', 'fixtures.Category', 'fixtures.Article', format='json')
-[{"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.category", "fields": {"description": "Latest news stories", "title": "News Stories"}}, {"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Time to reform copyright", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 13:00:00"}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Poker has no place on ESPN", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 12:00:00"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Python program becomes self aware", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 11:00:00"}}]
-
-# Specify a specific model twice
->>> management.call_command('dumpdata', 'fixtures.Article', 'fixtures.Article', format='json')
-[{"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Time to reform copyright", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 13:00:00"}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Poker has no place on ESPN", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 12:00:00"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Python program becomes self aware", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 11:00:00"}}]
-
-# Specify a dump that specifies Article both explicitly and implicitly
->>> management.call_command('dumpdata', 'fixtures.Article', 'fixtures', format='json')
-[{"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.category", "fields": {"description": "Latest news stories", "title": "News Stories"}}, {"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Time to reform copyright", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 13:00:00"}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Poker has no place on ESPN", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 12:00:00"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Python program becomes self aware", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 11:00:00"}}]
-
-# Same again, but specify in the reverse order
->>> management.call_command('dumpdata', 'fixtures', 'fixtures.Article', format='json')
-[{"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.category", "fields": {"description": "Latest news stories", "title": "News Stories"}}, {"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Time to reform copyright", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 13:00:00"}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Poker has no place on ESPN", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 12:00:00"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Python program becomes self aware", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 11:00:00"}}]
-
-# Specify one model from one application, and an entire other application.
->>> management.call_command('dumpdata', 'fixtures.Category', 'sites', format='json')
-[{"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.category", "fields": {"description": "Latest news stories", "title": "News Stories"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "sites.site", "fields": {"domain": "example.com", "name": "example.com"}}]
-
-# Load fixture 2. JSON file imported by default. Overwrites some existing objects
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture2.json', verbosity=0)
->>> Article.objects.all()
-[<Article: Django conquers world!>, <Article: Copyright is fine the way it is>, <Article: Poker has no place on ESPN>, <Article: Python program becomes self aware>]
-
-# Load fixture 3, XML format.
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture3.xml', verbosity=0)
->>> Article.objects.all()
-[<Article: XML identified as leading cause of cancer>, <Article: Django conquers world!>, <Article: Copyright is fine the way it is>, <Article: Poker on TV is great!>, <Article: Python program becomes self aware>]
-
-# Load fixture 6, JSON file with dynamic ContentType fields. Testing ManyToOne.
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture6.json', verbosity=0)
->>> Tag.objects.all()
-[<Tag: <Article: Copyright is fine the way it is> tagged "copyright">, <Tag: <Article: Copyright is fine the way it is> tagged "law">]
-
-# Load fixture 7, XML file with dynamic ContentType fields. Testing ManyToOne.
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture7.xml', verbosity=0)
->>> Tag.objects.all()
-[<Tag: <Article: Copyright is fine the way it is> tagged "copyright">, <Tag: <Article: Copyright is fine the way it is> tagged "legal">, <Tag: <Article: Django conquers world!> tagged "django">, <Tag: <Article: Django conquers world!> tagged "world domination">]
-
-# Load fixture 8, JSON file with dynamic Permission fields. Testing ManyToMany.
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture8.json', verbosity=0)
->>> Visa.objects.all()
-[<Visa: Django Reinhardt Can add user, Can change user, Can delete user>, <Visa: Stephane Grappelli Can add user>, <Visa: Prince >]
-
-# Load fixture 9, XML file with dynamic Permission fields. Testing ManyToMany.
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture9.xml', verbosity=0)
->>> Visa.objects.all()
-[<Visa: Django Reinhardt Can add user, Can change user, Can delete user>, <Visa: Stephane Grappelli Can add user, Can delete user>, <Visa: Artist formerly known as "Prince" Can change user>]
-
->>> Book.objects.all()
-[<Book: Music for all ages by Artist formerly known as "Prince" and Django Reinhardt>]
-
-# Load a fixture that doesn't exist
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'unknown.json', verbosity=0)
-
-# object list is unaffected
->>> Article.objects.all()
-[<Article: XML identified as leading cause of cancer>, <Article: Django conquers world!>, <Article: Copyright is fine the way it is>, <Article: Poker on TV is great!>, <Article: Python program becomes self aware>]
-
-# By default, you get raw keys on dumpdata
->>> management.call_command('dumpdata', 'fixtures.book', format='json')
-[{"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.book", "fields": {"name": "Music for all ages", "authors": [3, 1]}}]
-
-# But you can get natural keys if you ask for them and they are available
->>> management.call_command('dumpdata', 'fixtures.book', format='json', use_natural_keys=True)
-[{"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.book", "fields": {"name": "Music for all ages", "authors": [["Artist formerly known as \\"Prince\\""], ["Django Reinhardt"]]}}]
-
-# Dump the current contents of the database as a JSON fixture
->>> management.call_command('dumpdata', 'fixtures', format='json', use_natural_keys=True)
-[{"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.category", "fields": {"description": "Latest news stories", "title": "News Stories"}}, {"pk": 5, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "XML identified as leading cause of cancer", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 16:00:00"}}, {"pk": 4, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Django conquers world!", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 15:00:00"}}, {"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Copyright is fine the way it is", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 14:00:00"}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Poker on TV is great!", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 11:00:00"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Python program becomes self aware", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 11:00:00"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.tag", "fields": {"tagged_type": ["fixtures", "article"], "name": "copyright", "tagged_id": 3}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.tag", "fields": {"tagged_type": ["fixtures", "article"], "name": "legal", "tagged_id": 3}}, {"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.tag", "fields": {"tagged_type": ["fixtures", "article"], "name": "django", "tagged_id": 4}}, {"pk": 4, "model": "fixtures.tag", "fields": {"tagged_type": ["fixtures", "article"], "name": "world domination", "tagged_id": 4}}, {"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.person", "fields": {"name": "Artist formerly known as \\"Prince\\""}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.person", "fields": {"name": "Django Reinhardt"}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.person", "fields": {"name": "Stephane Grappelli"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.visa", "fields": {"person": ["Django Reinhardt"], "permissions": [["add_user", "auth", "user"], ["change_user", "auth", "user"], ["delete_user", "auth", "user"]]}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.visa", "fields": {"person": ["Stephane Grappelli"], "permissions": [["add_user", "auth", "user"], ["delete_user", "auth", "user"]]}}, {"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.visa", "fields": {"person": ["Artist formerly known as \\"Prince\\""], "permissions": [["change_user", "auth", "user"]]}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.book", "fields": {"name": "Music for all ages", "authors": [["Artist formerly known as \\"Prince\\""], ["Django Reinhardt"]]}}]
-
-# Dump the current contents of the database as an XML fixture
->>> management.call_command('dumpdata', 'fixtures', format='xml', use_natural_keys=True)
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-<django-objects version="1.0"><object pk="1" model="fixtures.category"><field type="CharField" name="title">News Stories</field><field type="TextField" name="description">Latest news stories</field></object><object pk="5" model="fixtures.article"><field type="CharField" name="headline">XML identified as leading cause of cancer</field><field type="DateTimeField" name="pub_date">2006-06-16 16:00:00</field></object><object pk="4" model="fixtures.article"><field type="CharField" name="headline">Django conquers world!</field><field type="DateTimeField" name="pub_date">2006-06-16 15:00:00</field></object><object pk="3" model="fixtures.article"><field type="CharField" name="headline">Copyright is fine the way it is</field><field type="DateTimeField" name="pub_date">2006-06-16 14:00:00</field></object><object pk="2" model="fixtures.article"><field type="CharField" name="headline">Poker on TV is great!</field><field type="DateTimeField" name="pub_date">2006-06-16 11:00:00</field></object><object pk="1" model="fixtures.article"><field type="CharField" name="headline">Python program becomes self aware</field><field type="DateTimeField" name="pub_date">2006-06-16 11:00:00</field></object><object pk="1" model="fixtures.tag"><field type="CharField" name="name">copyright</field><field to="contenttypes.contenttype" name="tagged_type" rel="ManyToOneRel"><natural>fixtures</natural><natural>article</natural></field><field type="PositiveIntegerField" name="tagged_id">3</field></object><object pk="2" model="fixtures.tag"><field type="CharField" name="name">legal</field><field to="contenttypes.contenttype" name="tagged_type" rel="ManyToOneRel"><natural>fixtures</natural><natural>article</natural></field><field type="PositiveIntegerField" name="tagged_id">3</field></object><object pk="3" model="fixtures.tag"><field type="CharField" name="name">django</field><field to="contenttypes.contenttype" name="tagged_type" rel="ManyToOneRel"><natural>fixtures</natural><natural>article</natural></field><field type="PositiveIntegerField" name="tagged_id">4</field></object><object pk="4" model="fixtures.tag"><field type="CharField" name="name">world domination</field><field to="contenttypes.contenttype" name="tagged_type" rel="ManyToOneRel"><natural>fixtures</natural><natural>article</natural></field><field type="PositiveIntegerField" name="tagged_id">4</field></object><object pk="3" model="fixtures.person"><field type="CharField" name="name">Artist formerly known as "Prince"</field></object><object pk="1" model="fixtures.person"><field type="CharField" name="name">Django Reinhardt</field></object><object pk="2" model="fixtures.person"><field type="CharField" name="name">Stephane Grappelli</field></object><object pk="1" model="fixtures.visa"><field to="fixtures.person" name="person" rel="ManyToOneRel"><natural>Django Reinhardt</natural></field><field to="auth.permission" name="permissions" rel="ManyToManyRel"><object><natural>add_user</natural><natural>auth</natural><natural>user</natural></object><object><natural>change_user</natural><natural>auth</natural><natural>user</natural></object><object><natural>delete_user</natural><natural>auth</natural><natural>user</natural></object></field></object><object pk="2" model="fixtures.visa"><field to="fixtures.person" name="person" rel="ManyToOneRel"><natural>Stephane Grappelli</natural></field><field to="auth.permission" name="permissions" rel="ManyToManyRel"><object><natural>add_user</natural><natural>auth</natural><natural>user</natural></object><object><natural>delete_user</natural><natural>auth</natural><natural>user</natural></object></field></object><object pk="3" model="fixtures.visa"><field to="fixtures.person" name="person" rel="ManyToOneRel"><natural>Artist formerly known as "Prince"</natural></field><field to="auth.permission" name="permissions" rel="ManyToManyRel"><object><natural>change_user</natural><natural>auth</natural><natural>user</natural></object></field></object><object pk="1" model="fixtures.book"><field type="CharField" name="name">Music for all ages</field><field to="fixtures.person" name="authors" rel="ManyToManyRel"><object><natural>Artist formerly known as "Prince"</natural></object><object><natural>Django Reinhardt</natural></object></field></object></django-objects>
-
-"""}
-
-# Database flushing does not work on MySQL with the default storage engine
-# because it requires transaction support.
-if settings.DATABASES[DEFAULT_DB_ALIAS]['ENGINE'] != 'django.db.backends.mysql':
-    __test__['API_TESTS'] += \
-"""
-# Reset the database representation of this app. This will delete all data.
->>> management.call_command('flush', verbosity=0, interactive=False)
->>> Article.objects.all()
-[<Article: Python program becomes self aware>]
-
-# Load fixture 1 again, using format discovery
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture1', verbosity=0)
->>> Article.objects.all()
-[<Article: Time to reform copyright>, <Article: Poker has no place on ESPN>, <Article: Python program becomes self aware>]
-
-# Try to load fixture 2 using format discovery; this will fail
-# because there are two fixture2's in the fixtures directory
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture2', verbosity=0) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
-Multiple fixtures named 'fixture2' in '...fixtures'. Aborting.
-
-# object list is unaffected
->>> Article.objects.all()
-[<Article: Time to reform copyright>, <Article: Poker has no place on ESPN>, <Article: Python program becomes self aware>]
-
-# Dump the current contents of the database as a JSON fixture
->>> management.call_command('dumpdata', 'fixtures', format='json')
-[{"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.category", "fields": {"description": "Latest news stories", "title": "News Stories"}}, {"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Time to reform copyright", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 13:00:00"}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Poker has no place on ESPN", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 12:00:00"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Python program becomes self aware", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 11:00:00"}}]
-
-# Load fixture 4 (compressed), using format discovery
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture4', verbosity=0)
->>> Article.objects.all()
-[<Article: Django pets kitten>, <Article: Time to reform copyright>, <Article: Poker has no place on ESPN>, <Article: Python program becomes self aware>]
-
->>> management.call_command('flush', verbosity=0, interactive=False)
-
-# Load fixture 4 (compressed), using format specification
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture4.json', verbosity=0)
->>> Article.objects.all()
-[<Article: Django pets kitten>, <Article: Python program becomes self aware>]
-
->>> management.call_command('flush', verbosity=0, interactive=False)
-
-# Load fixture 5 (compressed), using format *and* compression specification
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture5.json.zip', verbosity=0)
->>> Article.objects.all()
-[<Article: WoW subscribers now outnumber readers>, <Article: Python program becomes self aware>]
-
->>> management.call_command('flush', verbosity=0, interactive=False)
-
-# Load fixture 5 (compressed), only compression specification
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture5.zip', verbosity=0)
->>> Article.objects.all()
-[<Article: WoW subscribers now outnumber readers>, <Article: Python program becomes self aware>]
-
->>> management.call_command('flush', verbosity=0, interactive=False)
-
-# Try to load fixture 5 using format and compression discovery; this will fail
-# because there are two fixture5's in the fixtures directory
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture5', verbosity=0) # doctest: +ELLIPSIS
-Multiple fixtures named 'fixture5' in '...fixtures'. Aborting.
-
->>> management.call_command('flush', verbosity=0, interactive=False)
-
-# Load db fixtures 1 and 2. These will load using the 'default' database identifier implicitly
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'db_fixture_1', verbosity=0)
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'db_fixture_2', verbosity=0)
->>> Article.objects.all()
-[<Article: Who needs more than one database?>, <Article: Who needs to use compressed data?>, <Article: Python program becomes self aware>]
-
->>> management.call_command('flush', verbosity=0, interactive=False)
-
-# Load db fixtures 1 and 2. These will load using the 'default' database identifier explicitly
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'db_fixture_1', verbosity=0, using='default')
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'db_fixture_2', verbosity=0, using='default')
->>> Article.objects.all()
-[<Article: Who needs more than one database?>, <Article: Who needs to use compressed data?>, <Article: Python program becomes self aware>]
-
->>> management.call_command('flush', verbosity=0, interactive=False)
-
-# Try to load db fixture 3. This won't load because the database identifier doesn't match
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'db_fixture_3', verbosity=0)
->>> Article.objects.all()
-[<Article: Python program becomes self aware>]
-
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'db_fixture_3', verbosity=0, using='default')
->>> Article.objects.all()
-[<Article: Python program becomes self aware>]
-
->>> management.call_command('flush', verbosity=0, interactive=False)
-
-# Load back in fixture 1, we need the articles from it
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture1', verbosity=0)
-
-# Try to load fixture 6 using format discovery
->>> management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture6', verbosity=0)
->>> Tag.objects.all()
-[<Tag: <Article: Time to reform copyright> tagged "copyright">, <Tag: <Article: Time to reform copyright> tagged "law">]
-
-# Dump the current contents of the database as a JSON fixture
->>> management.call_command('dumpdata', 'fixtures', format='json', use_natural_keys=True)
-[{"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.category", "fields": {"description": "Latest news stories", "title": "News Stories"}}, {"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Time to reform copyright", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 13:00:00"}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Poker has no place on ESPN", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 12:00:00"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Python program becomes self aware", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 11:00:00"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.tag", "fields": {"tagged_type": ["fixtures", "article"], "name": "copyright", "tagged_id": 3}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.tag", "fields": {"tagged_type": ["fixtures", "article"], "name": "law", "tagged_id": 3}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.person", "fields": {"name": "Django Reinhardt"}}, {"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.person", "fields": {"name": "Prince"}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.person", "fields": {"name": "Stephane Grappelli"}}]
-
-# Dump the current contents of the database as an XML fixture
->>> management.call_command('dumpdata', 'fixtures', format='xml', use_natural_keys=True)
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
-<django-objects version="1.0"><object pk="1" model="fixtures.category"><field type="CharField" name="title">News Stories</field><field type="TextField" name="description">Latest news stories</field></object><object pk="3" model="fixtures.article"><field type="CharField" name="headline">Time to reform copyright</field><field type="DateTimeField" name="pub_date">2006-06-16 13:00:00</field></object><object pk="2" model="fixtures.article"><field type="CharField" name="headline">Poker has no place on ESPN</field><field type="DateTimeField" name="pub_date">2006-06-16 12:00:00</field></object><object pk="1" model="fixtures.article"><field type="CharField" name="headline">Python program becomes self aware</field><field type="DateTimeField" name="pub_date">2006-06-16 11:00:00</field></object><object pk="1" model="fixtures.tag"><field type="CharField" name="name">copyright</field><field to="contenttypes.contenttype" name="tagged_type" rel="ManyToOneRel"><natural>fixtures</natural><natural>article</natural></field><field type="PositiveIntegerField" name="tagged_id">3</field></object><object pk="2" model="fixtures.tag"><field type="CharField" name="name">law</field><field to="contenttypes.contenttype" name="tagged_type" rel="ManyToOneRel"><natural>fixtures</natural><natural>article</natural></field><field type="PositiveIntegerField" name="tagged_id">3</field></object><object pk="1" model="fixtures.person"><field type="CharField" name="name">Django Reinhardt</field></object><object pk="3" model="fixtures.person"><field type="CharField" name="name">Prince</field></object><object pk="2" model="fixtures.person"><field type="CharField" name="name">Stephane Grappelli</field></object></django-objects>
-
-"""
-
-from django.test import TestCase
-
-class SampleTestCase(TestCase):
-    fixtures = ['fixture1.json', 'fixture2.json']
-
-    def testClassFixtures(self):
-        "Check that test case has installed 4 fixture objects"
-        self.assertEqual(Article.objects.count(), 4)
-        self.assertEquals(str(Article.objects.all()), "[<Article: Django conquers world!>, <Article: Copyright is fine the way it is>, <Article: Poker has no place on ESPN>, <Article: Python program becomes self aware>]")
diff -r fa1e8c79bda8 tests/modeltests/fixtures/tests.py
--- /dev/null	Thu Jan 01 00:00:00 1970 +0000
+++ b/tests/modeltests/fixtures/tests.py	Sat Jun 05 11:49:22 2010 +0800
@@ -0,0 +1,275 @@
+import StringIO
+import sys
+
+from django.test import TestCase, TransactionTestCase
+from django.core import management
+
+from models import Article, Blog, Book, Category, Person, Tag, Visa
+
+class TestCaseFixtureLoadingTests(TestCase):
+    fixtures = ['fixture1.json', 'fixture2.json']
+
+    def testClassFixtures(self):
+        "Check that test case has installed 4 fixture objects"
+        self.assertEqual(Article.objects.count(), 4)
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all(), [
+            '<Article: Django conquers world!>',
+            '<Article: Copyright is fine the way it is>',
+            '<Article: Poker has no place on ESPN>',
+            '<Article: Python program becomes self aware>'
+        ])
+
+class FixtureLoadingTests(TestCase):
+
+    def _dumpdata_assert(self, args, output, format='json', natural_keys=False):
+        new_io = StringIO.StringIO()
+        management.call_command('dumpdata', *args, format=format, stdout=new_io, use_natural_keys=natural_keys)
+        command_output = new_io.getvalue().strip()
+        self.assertEqual(command_output, output)
+
+    def test_initial_data(self):
+        # Syncdb introduces 1 initial data object from initial_data.json.
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all(), [
+            '<Article: Python program becomes self aware>'
+        ])
+
+    def test_loading_and_dumping(self):
+        new_io = StringIO.StringIO()
+
+        # Load fixture 1. Single JSON file, with two objects.
+        management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture1.json', verbosity=0, commit=False)
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all(), [
+            '<Article: Time to reform copyright>',
+            '<Article: Poker has no place on ESPN>',
+            '<Article: Python program becomes self aware>'
+        ])
+
+        # Dump the current contents of the database as a JSON fixture
+        self._dumpdata_assert(['fixtures'], '[{"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.category", "fields": {"description": "Latest news stories", "title": "News Stories"}}, {"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Time to reform copyright", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 13:00:00"}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Poker has no place on ESPN", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 12:00:00"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Python program becomes self aware", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 11:00:00"}}]')
+
+        # Try just dumping the contents of fixtures.Category
+        self._dumpdata_assert(['fixtures.Category'], '[{"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.category", "fields": {"description": "Latest news stories", "title": "News Stories"}}]')
+
+        # ...and just fixtures.Article
+        self._dumpdata_assert(['fixtures.Article'], '[{"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Time to reform copyright", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 13:00:00"}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Poker has no place on ESPN", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 12:00:00"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Python program becomes self aware", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 11:00:00"}}]')
+
+        # ...and both
+        self._dumpdata_assert(['fixtures.Category', 'fixtures.Article'], '[{"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.category", "fields": {"description": "Latest news stories", "title": "News Stories"}}, {"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Time to reform copyright", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 13:00:00"}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Poker has no place on ESPN", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 12:00:00"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Python program becomes self aware", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 11:00:00"}}]')
+
+        # Specify a specific model twice
+        self._dumpdata_assert(['fixtures.Article', 'fixtures.Article'], '[{"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Time to reform copyright", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 13:00:00"}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Poker has no place on ESPN", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 12:00:00"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Python program becomes self aware", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 11:00:00"}}]')
+
+        # Specify a dump that specifies Article both explicitly and implicitly
+        self._dumpdata_assert(['fixtures.Article', 'fixtures'], '[{"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.category", "fields": {"description": "Latest news stories", "title": "News Stories"}}, {"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Time to reform copyright", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 13:00:00"}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Poker has no place on ESPN", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 12:00:00"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Python program becomes self aware", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 11:00:00"}}]')
+
+        # Same again, but specify in the reverse order
+        self._dumpdata_assert(['fixtures'], '[{"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.category", "fields": {"description": "Latest news stories", "title": "News Stories"}}, {"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Time to reform copyright", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 13:00:00"}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Poker has no place on ESPN", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 12:00:00"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Python program becomes self aware", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 11:00:00"}}]')
+
+        # Specify one model from one application, and an entire other application.
+        self._dumpdata_assert(['fixtures.Category', 'sites'], '[{"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.category", "fields": {"description": "Latest news stories", "title": "News Stories"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "sites.site", "fields": {"domain": "example.com", "name": "example.com"}}]')
+
+        # Load fixture 2. JSON file imported by default. Overwrites some existing objects
+        management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture2.json', verbosity=0, commit=False)
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all(), [
+            '<Article: Django conquers world!>',
+            '<Article: Copyright is fine the way it is>',
+            '<Article: Poker has no place on ESPN>',
+            '<Article: Python program becomes self aware>'
+        ])
+
+        # Load fixture 3, XML format.
+        management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture3.xml', verbosity=0, commit=False)
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all(), [
+            '<Article: XML identified as leading cause of cancer>',
+            '<Article: Django conquers world!>',
+            '<Article: Copyright is fine the way it is>',
+            '<Article: Poker on TV is great!>',
+            '<Article: Python program becomes self aware>'
+        ])
+
+        # Load fixture 6, JSON file with dynamic ContentType fields. Testing ManyToOne.
+        management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture6.json', verbosity=0, commit=False)
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(Tag.objects.all(), [
+            '<Tag: <Article: Copyright is fine the way it is> tagged "copyright">',
+            '<Tag: <Article: Copyright is fine the way it is> tagged "law">'
+        ])
+
+        # Load fixture 7, XML file with dynamic ContentType fields. Testing ManyToOne.
+        management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture7.xml', verbosity=0, commit=False)
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(Tag.objects.all(), [
+            '<Tag: <Article: Copyright is fine the way it is> tagged "copyright">',
+            '<Tag: <Article: Copyright is fine the way it is> tagged "legal">',
+            '<Tag: <Article: Django conquers world!> tagged "django">',
+            '<Tag: <Article: Django conquers world!> tagged "world domination">'
+        ])
+
+        # Load fixture 8, JSON file with dynamic Permission fields. Testing ManyToMany.
+        management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture8.json', verbosity=0, commit=False)
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(Visa.objects.all(), [
+            '<Visa: Django Reinhardt Can add user, Can change user, Can delete user>',
+            '<Visa: Stephane Grappelli Can add user>',
+            '<Visa: Prince >'
+        ])
+
+        # Load fixture 9, XML file with dynamic Permission fields. Testing ManyToMany.
+        management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture9.xml', verbosity=0, commit=False)
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(Visa.objects.all(), [
+            '<Visa: Django Reinhardt Can add user, Can change user, Can delete user>',
+            '<Visa: Stephane Grappelli Can add user, Can delete user>',
+            '<Visa: Artist formerly known as "Prince" Can change user>'
+        ])
+
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(Book.objects.all(), [
+            '<Book: Music for all ages by Artist formerly known as "Prince" and Django Reinhardt>'
+        ])
+
+        # Load a fixture that doesn't exist
+        management.call_command('loaddata', 'unknown.json', verbosity=0, commit=False)
+
+        # object list is unaffected
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all(), [
+            '<Article: XML identified as leading cause of cancer>',
+            '<Article: Django conquers world!>',
+            '<Article: Copyright is fine the way it is>',
+            '<Article: Poker on TV is great!>',
+            '<Article: Python program becomes self aware>'
+        ])
+
+        # By default, you get raw keys on dumpdata
+        self._dumpdata_assert(['fixtures.book'], '[{"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.book", "fields": {"name": "Music for all ages", "authors": [3, 1]}}]')
+
+        # But you can get natural keys if you ask for them and they are available
+        self._dumpdata_assert(['fixtures.book'], '[{"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.book", "fields": {"name": "Music for all ages", "authors": [["Artist formerly known as \\"Prince\\""], ["Django Reinhardt"]]}}]', natural_keys=True)
+
+        # Dump the current contents of the database as a JSON fixture
+        self._dumpdata_assert(['fixtures'], '[{"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.category", "fields": {"description": "Latest news stories", "title": "News Stories"}}, {"pk": 5, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "XML identified as leading cause of cancer", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 16:00:00"}}, {"pk": 4, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Django conquers world!", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 15:00:00"}}, {"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Copyright is fine the way it is", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 14:00:00"}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Poker on TV is great!", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 11:00:00"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Python program becomes self aware", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 11:00:00"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.tag", "fields": {"tagged_type": ["fixtures", "article"], "name": "copyright", "tagged_id": 3}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.tag", "fields": {"tagged_type": ["fixtures", "article"], "name": "legal", "tagged_id": 3}}, {"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.tag", "fields": {"tagged_type": ["fixtures", "article"], "name": "django", "tagged_id": 4}}, {"pk": 4, "model": "fixtures.tag", "fields": {"tagged_type": ["fixtures", "article"], "name": "world domination", "tagged_id": 4}}, {"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.person", "fields": {"name": "Artist formerly known as \\"Prince\\""}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.person", "fields": {"name": "Django Reinhardt"}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.person", "fields": {"name": "Stephane Grappelli"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.visa", "fields": {"person": ["Django Reinhardt"], "permissions": [["add_user", "auth", "user"], ["change_user", "auth", "user"], ["delete_user", "auth", "user"]]}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.visa", "fields": {"person": ["Stephane Grappelli"], "permissions": [["add_user", "auth", "user"], ["delete_user", "auth", "user"]]}}, {"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.visa", "fields": {"person": ["Artist formerly known as \\"Prince\\""], "permissions": [["change_user", "auth", "user"]]}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.book", "fields": {"name": "Music for all ages", "authors": [["Artist formerly known as \\"Prince\\""], ["Django Reinhardt"]]}}]', natural_keys=True)
+
+        # Dump the current contents of the database as an XML fixture
+        self._dumpdata_assert(['fixtures'], """<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<django-objects version="1.0"><object pk="1" model="fixtures.category"><field type="CharField" name="title">News Stories</field><field type="TextField" name="description">Latest news stories</field></object><object pk="5" model="fixtures.article"><field type="CharField" name="headline">XML identified as leading cause of cancer</field><field type="DateTimeField" name="pub_date">2006-06-16 16:00:00</field></object><object pk="4" model="fixtures.article"><field type="CharField" name="headline">Django conquers world!</field><field type="DateTimeField" name="pub_date">2006-06-16 15:00:00</field></object><object pk="3" model="fixtures.article"><field type="CharField" name="headline">Copyright is fine the way it is</field><field type="DateTimeField" name="pub_date">2006-06-16 14:00:00</field></object><object pk="2" model="fixtures.article"><field type="CharField" name="headline">Poker on TV is great!</field><field type="DateTimeField" name="pub_date">2006-06-16 11:00:00</field></object><object pk="1" model="fixtures.article"><field type="CharField" name="headline">Python program becomes self aware</field><field type="DateTimeField" name="pub_date">2006-06-16 11:00:00</field></object><object pk="1" model="fixtures.tag"><field type="CharField" name="name">copyright</field><field to="contenttypes.contenttype" name="tagged_type" rel="ManyToOneRel"><natural>fixtures</natural><natural>article</natural></field><field type="PositiveIntegerField" name="tagged_id">3</field></object><object pk="2" model="fixtures.tag"><field type="CharField" name="name">legal</field><field to="contenttypes.contenttype" name="tagged_type" rel="ManyToOneRel"><natural>fixtures</natural><natural>article</natural></field><field type="PositiveIntegerField" name="tagged_id">3</field></object><object pk="3" model="fixtures.tag"><field type="CharField" name="name">django</field><field to="contenttypes.contenttype" name="tagged_type" rel="ManyToOneRel"><natural>fixtures</natural><natural>article</natural></field><field type="PositiveIntegerField" name="tagged_id">4</field></object><object pk="4" model="fixtures.tag"><field type="CharField" name="name">world domination</field><field to="contenttypes.contenttype" name="tagged_type" rel="ManyToOneRel"><natural>fixtures</natural><natural>article</natural></field><field type="PositiveIntegerField" name="tagged_id">4</field></object><object pk="3" model="fixtures.person"><field type="CharField" name="name">Artist formerly known as "Prince"</field></object><object pk="1" model="fixtures.person"><field type="CharField" name="name">Django Reinhardt</field></object><object pk="2" model="fixtures.person"><field type="CharField" name="name">Stephane Grappelli</field></object><object pk="1" model="fixtures.visa"><field to="fixtures.person" name="person" rel="ManyToOneRel"><natural>Django Reinhardt</natural></field><field to="auth.permission" name="permissions" rel="ManyToManyRel"><object><natural>add_user</natural><natural>auth</natural><natural>user</natural></object><object><natural>change_user</natural><natural>auth</natural><natural>user</natural></object><object><natural>delete_user</natural><natural>auth</natural><natural>user</natural></object></field></object><object pk="2" model="fixtures.visa"><field to="fixtures.person" name="person" rel="ManyToOneRel"><natural>Stephane Grappelli</natural></field><field to="auth.permission" name="permissions" rel="ManyToManyRel"><object><natural>add_user</natural><natural>auth</natural><natural>user</natural></object><object><natural>delete_user</natural><natural>auth</natural><natural>user</natural></object></field></object><object pk="3" model="fixtures.visa"><field to="fixtures.person" name="person" rel="ManyToOneRel"><natural>Artist formerly known as "Prince"</natural></field><field to="auth.permission" name="permissions" rel="ManyToManyRel"><object><natural>change_user</natural><natural>auth</natural><natural>user</natural></object></field></object><object pk="1" model="fixtures.book"><field type="CharField" name="name">Music for all ages</field><field to="fixtures.person" name="authors" rel="ManyToManyRel"><object><natural>Artist formerly known as "Prince"</natural></object><object><natural>Django Reinhardt</natural></object></field></object></django-objects>""", format='xml', natural_keys=True)
+
+    def test_compress_format_loading(self):
+        # Load fixture 4 (compressed), using format specification
+        management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture4.json', verbosity=0, commit=False)
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all(), [
+            '<Article: Django pets kitten>',
+            '<Article: Python program becomes self aware>'
+        ])
+
+    def test_compressed_specified_loading(self):
+        # Load fixture 5 (compressed), using format *and* compression specification
+        management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture5.json.zip', verbosity=0, commit=False)
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all(), [
+            '<Article: WoW subscribers now outnumber readers>',
+            '<Article: Python program becomes self aware>'
+        ])
+
+    def test_compressed_loading(self):
+        # Load fixture 5 (compressed), only compression specification
+        management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture5.zip', verbosity=0, commit=False)
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all(), [
+            '<Article: WoW subscribers now outnumber readers>',
+            '<Article: Python program becomes self aware>'
+        ])
+
+    def test_ambiguous_compressed_fixture(self):
+        # The name "fixture5" is ambigous, so loading it will raise an error
+        new_io = StringIO.StringIO()
+        management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture5', verbosity=0, stdout=new_io, commit=False)
+        output = new_io.getvalue().strip().split('\n')
+        self.assertEqual(len(output), 1)
+        self.assertTrue(output[0].startswith("Multiple fixtures named 'fixture5'"))
+
+    def test_db_loading(self):
+        # Load db fixtures 1 and 2. These will load using the 'default' database identifier implicitly
+        management.call_command('loaddata', 'db_fixture_1', verbosity=0, commit=False)
+        management.call_command('loaddata', 'db_fixture_2', verbosity=0, commit=False)
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all(), [
+            '<Article: Who needs more than one database?>',
+            '<Article: Who needs to use compressed data?>',
+            '<Article: Python program becomes self aware>'
+        ])
+
+    def test_loading_using(self):
+        # Load db fixtures 1 and 2. These will load using the 'default' database identifier explicitly
+        management.call_command('loaddata', 'db_fixture_1', verbosity=0, using='default', commit=False)
+        management.call_command('loaddata', 'db_fixture_2', verbosity=0, using='default', commit=False)
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all(), [
+            '<Article: Who needs more than one database?>',
+            '<Article: Who needs to use compressed data?>',
+            '<Article: Python program becomes self aware>'
+        ])
+
+    def test_unmatched_identifier_loading(self):
+        # Try to load db fixture 3. This won't load because the database identifier doesn't match
+        management.call_command('loaddata', 'db_fixture_3', verbosity=0, commit=False)
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all(), [
+            '<Article: Python program becomes self aware>'
+        ])
+
+        management.call_command('loaddata', 'db_fixture_3', verbosity=0, using='default', commit=False)
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all(), [
+            '<Article: Python program becomes self aware>'
+        ])
+
+    def test_output_formats(self):
+        # Load back in fixture 1, we need the articles from it
+        management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture1', verbosity=0, commit=False)
+
+        # Try to load fixture 6 using format discovery
+        management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture6', verbosity=0, commit=False)
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(Tag.objects.all(), [
+            '<Tag: <Article: Time to reform copyright> tagged "copyright">',
+            '<Tag: <Article: Time to reform copyright> tagged "law">'
+        ])
+
+        # Dump the current contents of the database as a JSON fixture
+        self._dumpdata_assert(['fixtures'], '[{"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.category", "fields": {"description": "Latest news stories", "title": "News Stories"}}, {"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Time to reform copyright", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 13:00:00"}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Poker has no place on ESPN", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 12:00:00"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Python program becomes self aware", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 11:00:00"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.tag", "fields": {"tagged_type": ["fixtures", "article"], "name": "copyright", "tagged_id": 3}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.tag", "fields": {"tagged_type": ["fixtures", "article"], "name": "law", "tagged_id": 3}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.person", "fields": {"name": "Django Reinhardt"}}, {"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.person", "fields": {"name": "Prince"}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.person", "fields": {"name": "Stephane Grappelli"}}]', natural_keys=True)
+
+        # Dump the current contents of the database as an XML fixture
+        self._dumpdata_assert(['fixtures'], """<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
+<django-objects version="1.0"><object pk="1" model="fixtures.category"><field type="CharField" name="title">News Stories</field><field type="TextField" name="description">Latest news stories</field></object><object pk="3" model="fixtures.article"><field type="CharField" name="headline">Time to reform copyright</field><field type="DateTimeField" name="pub_date">2006-06-16 13:00:00</field></object><object pk="2" model="fixtures.article"><field type="CharField" name="headline">Poker has no place on ESPN</field><field type="DateTimeField" name="pub_date">2006-06-16 12:00:00</field></object><object pk="1" model="fixtures.article"><field type="CharField" name="headline">Python program becomes self aware</field><field type="DateTimeField" name="pub_date">2006-06-16 11:00:00</field></object><object pk="1" model="fixtures.tag"><field type="CharField" name="name">copyright</field><field to="contenttypes.contenttype" name="tagged_type" rel="ManyToOneRel"><natural>fixtures</natural><natural>article</natural></field><field type="PositiveIntegerField" name="tagged_id">3</field></object><object pk="2" model="fixtures.tag"><field type="CharField" name="name">law</field><field to="contenttypes.contenttype" name="tagged_type" rel="ManyToOneRel"><natural>fixtures</natural><natural>article</natural></field><field type="PositiveIntegerField" name="tagged_id">3</field></object><object pk="1" model="fixtures.person"><field type="CharField" name="name">Django Reinhardt</field></object><object pk="3" model="fixtures.person"><field type="CharField" name="name">Prince</field></object><object pk="2" model="fixtures.person"><field type="CharField" name="name">Stephane Grappelli</field></object></django-objects>""", format='xml', natural_keys=True)
+
+class FixtureTransactionTests(TransactionTestCase):
+
+    def _dumpdata_assert(self, args, output, format='json'):
+        new_io = StringIO.StringIO()
+        management.call_command('dumpdata', *args, format=format, stdout=new_io)
+        command_output = new_io.getvalue().strip()
+        self.assertEqual(command_output, output)
+
+    def test_format_discovery(self):
+        # Load fixture 1 again, using format discovery
+        management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture1', verbosity=0, commit=False)
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all(), [
+            '<Article: Time to reform copyright>',
+            '<Article: Poker has no place on ESPN>',
+            '<Article: Python program becomes self aware>'
+        ])
+
+        # Try to load fixture 2 using format discovery; this will fail
+        # because there are two fixture2's in the fixtures directory
+        new_io = StringIO.StringIO()
+        management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture2', verbosity=0, stdout=new_io)
+        output = new_io.getvalue().strip().split('\n')
+        self.assertEqual(len(output), 1)
+        self.assertTrue(output[0].startswith("Multiple fixtures named 'fixture2'"))
+
+        # object list is unaffected
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all(), [
+            '<Article: Time to reform copyright>',
+            '<Article: Poker has no place on ESPN>',
+            '<Article: Python program becomes self aware>'
+        ])
+
+        # Dump the current contents of the database as a JSON fixture
+        self._dumpdata_assert(['fixtures'], '[{"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.category", "fields": {"description": "Latest news stories", "title": "News Stories"}}, {"pk": 3, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Time to reform copyright", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 13:00:00"}}, {"pk": 2, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Poker has no place on ESPN", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 12:00:00"}}, {"pk": 1, "model": "fixtures.article", "fields": {"headline": "Python program becomes self aware", "pub_date": "2006-06-16 11:00:00"}}]')
+
+        # Load fixture 4 (compressed), using format discovery
+        management.call_command('loaddata', 'fixture4', verbosity=0, commit=False)
+        self.assertQuerysetEqual(Article.objects.all(), [
+            '<Article: Django pets kitten>',
+            '<Article: Time to reform copyright>',
+            '<Article: Poker has no place on ESPN>',
+            '<Article: Python program becomes self aware>'
+        ])
